Among the simplest organisms there are many parasites of animals and humans.The parasitic protozoa that cause the most serious and common diseases are listed below.
Dysenteric amoeba
The dysenteric amoeba is similar to the common amoeba, but is smaller and has shorter and wider root stalks.It enters the human digestive system through the mouth in the cyst stage.In the large intestine, the amoeba emerges from the cyst and feeds on bacteria without harming the person.This simple organism then begins to penetrate the intestinal wall, feed on red blood cells, and become a parasite.Ulcers form in the intestines, depleting the human body.The disease amoebic dysentery, or amoeba, appears.
Dysenteric amoeba can enter the bloodstream and reach the liver.And here the parasite leads to the formation of purulent ulcers.
By forming cysts, amoebae leave the human body with undigested food residues.Light cysts spread easily.If you don't wash your hands and food, you can get infected.
Plasmodium malaria
Plasmodium is a parasitic protozoan.Some species of Plasmodium cause malaria in humans.The vector of malaria plasmodium is the malaria mosquito.During an insect bite, the plasmodium enters the host's bloodstream.Together with the blood, it reaches the liver, where it is nourished, grows and multiplies.After this, many plasmids re-enter the bloodstream and begin to parasitize red blood cells, destroying them and releasing their waste products, which poison the host.A person develops a fever and suffers from anemia.
If a person with malaria is bitten again by a malaria mosquito, the plasmodium will now be transferred from the person to the mosquito.Plasmodium reproduces sexually in the body of a mosquito.
Malaria is common in Africa.This is a very dangerous disease.Malaria is fought, among other things, by destroying the mosquitoes that carry malaria.
Trypanosomes
The genus Trypanosomes consists of parasitic protozoa that have flagella (closely related to Euglena).Their primary host is a vertebrate and their vectors are usually insects.Different representatives of trypanosomes cause different diseases in animals and humans.They parasitize mainly in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.The most famous and common disease caused by trypanosomes is sleeping sickness.
The carrier of sleeping sickness is the tsetse fly.This disease is characteristic of tropical Africa.Sleeping sickness develops in two stages: in the first weeks a person is tormented by fever and pain, after a month or more drowsiness, sleep and coordination disorders and changes in consciousness appear.The disease is easier to treat in the first stage.
Giardia
Giardia is a genus of flagellate parasitic protozoa.Intestinal lamblia causes giardiasis in humans and animals, in which the parasite lives in the small intestine.
A person becomes infected with giardiasis by eating unwashed food containing Giardia cysts.Having emerged from the cyst, the lamblia adheres to the intestines and feeds on digested food.
Leishmania
Leishmania is another genus of parasitic protozoa.They cause leishmaniasis in humans and many other animals.The vectors are mosquitoes.
There are several types of leishmaniasis associated with lesions in various tissues of the body.One of them is the skin disease Pendensky ulcer.
Grains
Coccidia parasitize many animals, including worms, arthropods, and fish.They cause coccidiosis diseases, which cause serious damage to livestock and fish farming.
Coccidia settle in the form of spores containing parasite cells.
Coccidia include the genus Toxoplasma.Their representatives cause such a widespread disease in humans as toxoplasmosis.A person is infected by pets or poorly prepared meat.Toxoplasma affects many organs, including the nervous system.